The Autonomic Nervous System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Autonomic Nervous System - Essay Example Each pathway comprises of a preganglionic neurone as well as a postganglionic neurone. Within the sympathetic system, the synapses between these two neurons are located near the spinal cord. On the other hand within the parasympathetic nervous system, these two neurons are located near to, or within the effector organs (Tortora & Derrickson 2009). The effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems normally oppose each other. They are termed as antagonists, thus is one system contracts a muscle, the other usually relaxes it. The balance between the two systems concisely regulates the involuntary activities of the organs and glands. Exceptional to note is that it is feasible to control consciously specific activities of the autonomic nervous system through training. Some examples in this include control of the anal and bladder sphincters. With regard to nerve impulse transmission process, the sympathetic nervous system stimulates effectors and produces noradrenalin as t he neurotransmitter at nerve junctions. In contrast, the parasympathetic nervous system inhibits effectors and produces acetylcholine at the nerve junction, otherwise called the synapse (Tortora & Derrickson 2009). The autonomic nervous system comprises of motor neurons which innervate smooth and cardiac muscles as well as the glands. These neurons also ensure optimal environments conditions within the systems to ensure maximum support for body activities. The neurons operate via subconscious control and have viscera as most of their effectors. Within the autonomic nervous system, the preganglionic fibers release acetylcholine as the major neurotransmitter. Postganglionic fibers release norepinephrine or acetylcholine whose effects can either be stimulatory or inhibitory. The neurotransmitter effects within the autonomic nervous system on target organs are dependent on the neurotransmitter released. Additionally, such effects are dependent on the type of receptors expressed on the e ffector organs. The divisions of the autonomic nervous system serve similar visceral organs but cause opposite effects. These divisions exemplified by parasympathetic and sympathetic categories help in maintaining homeostasis. Precisely, the sympathetic division mobilizes the body during activity while the parasympathetic division conserves the energy within the body. The role of parasympathetic division is well illustrated when a person relaxes after taking a meal. In such a circumstance, the division plays a role of keeping the energy level consumption as low as possible. As such, the heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rates are kept at lower concentrations. However, during such circumstances, the gastrointestinal tract activity is high as a result of digestion. The skin is warm while the pupils are constricted. On the other hand, the sympathetic division is a good depiction of fight or flight system. This division allows the regulation of activities during exercises. In s uch scenarios, the system reduces the flow of blood to organs while it increases the flow of blood to muscles. Its activity is illustrated by an individual who is under a threat and as such, the heart rate increases with rapid and deep breathing. Additionally, the glucose levels in the blood are high because this important sugar is released from the liver. Furthermore, the skin is cold and sweaty while the pupils of the eyes are dilated due to alertness. Parasympathetic div

Volunteers and Decision Making Essay Example for Free

Volunteers and Decision Making Essay The purpose of this study is to explore and converse about the role of volunteers within the for-profit and non-profit organizations and examine their influence on organizational decision making. According to Lawrence and Weber, (2011), a volunteer is a person who donates his/her time or efforts for a cause or organization without being paid. Volunteering is about giving your time to a good cause. You dont get paid, but you do get the chance to use your gifts, abilities, talents, cultivate new skills, and experience the pleasure that comes from making a real difference to other peoples lives, as well as your own. Hansen, (2014), argue that it is a pretty common mistake to think of volunteering as just something nice that people can do. Sure, it may make them feel great about helping, but what impact does it really have? Volunteers have a huge impact on the health and well-being of organizations and communities worldwide. According to Ellis, (2003), from the perspective of the recipient of service, a volunteer is someone who gives time, effort and talent to meet a need or further a mission, without going on the payroll. Volunteers donate their time, expertise, talents, abilities, skills, and get-up-and-go energy to assistance the organization because they have faith and confidence in the organization’s operations, mission, ideas, and vision. According to Bruce and Martin, (1992), a non-profit organization is a group organized for purposes other than generating profit and in which no part of the organizations income is distributed to its members, directors, or officers. They can take the form of a corporation, an individual enterprise (for example, individual charitable contributions), unincorporated association, partnership, foundation (distinguished by its endowment by a founder, it takes the form of a trusteeship), or condominium (joint ownership of common areas by owners of adjacent individual units incorporated under state condominium acts). Non-profit organizations must be titled as not-for-profit when formed and may only employ measures acceptable by laws for non-profit businesses. Non-profit organizations include churches, public schools, public charities,  public clinics and hospitals, political organizations, legal aid societies, volunteer services organizations, labor unions, professional associations, resear ch institutes, museums, and some governmental agencies. Any funds earned by a non-profit organization must be reserved by the organization, and used for its own disbursements, disbursements, processes, and programs. Many non-profit organizations also pursue tax exempt status, and may also be exempted from local sales taxes or property taxes. These for-profit and not-for-profit organizations are distinguished from each other in the areas of interest, events, and actions, and whosesoever field of interest is well-defined by their organizational mission and vision statements. The for-profit and non-profit organizations have much in common, but there are significant differences between the two. According to Ingram, (2009), the most fundamental difference between non-profit and for-profit organizations is the reason they exist. For-profit companies are usually established to produce income for directors and their workers, while non-profits are usually established to help a charitable, philanthropic, humanitarian, or conservational and environmental need. In contrast, non-profit organizations distribute all of their profits into programs and services designed at meeting individuals unmet needs, such as food, water, shelter and education, or towards other issues such as endangered species. For-profit companies offer products an d services that are appreciated in the open market, electing to allocate returns among proprietors, workforces, stockholders, owners, investors, and the organization or business itself. Additionally, according Ingram, (2009), sales revenue, in the form of cash and receivables, is the life-blood of for-profit organizations. These companies depend on earned income and credit arrangements with lenders and suppliers to finance their operations. Ingram, (2009), goes on by suggesting non-profits, on the other hand, rely almost entirely on donations and grants from individuals, government entities and organizations. Non-profit and for-profit organizations income basis are regulated, to a large extent, on how the company can use its currency. Since non-profit income comes from donors, non-profits are expected to utilize their funding in a way that maximizes benefits to their targeted recipients. Since for-profits produce  their own revenue and pay their own bills, they have much more ethical latitude as to how they spend. Another different Ingram, (2009), suggests is for-profit organizations are taxed in a number of ways, depending on their form of organization. Small bus inesses, for example, are usually sole proprietorships and partnerships. Ingram, (2009), goes on to state â€Å"the IRS treats the income from proprietorships and partnerships as personal income, and the owners are held personally liable for all business debts†. Nonprofit organizations can register for income-tax exemption under section 501(c) 3 of the tax code, Ingram, (2009). Contributors to non-profit organizations are offered tax incentives for their donations as well. According to the Service Corps of Retired Executives (SCORE), (n.d.), non-profit organizations are treated as legal entities for tax purposes, leaving company forefathers not liable for organizational debts. Lastly, Ingram, (2009), provides a human resource differences between the two. The workforces look quite different between for-profit and nonprofit organizations. For-profit companies are staffed with salaried and hourly employees, while non-profits, on the other hand, usually hire a small workforce, but employ a large corps of volunteers. The processes for employing and dism issal, as well as worker inspiration, motivation, communication and direction techniques vary considerably between salaried employees and volunteers. The role of volunteers in non-profit organizations Volunteers are of huge value to nonprofit organizations. Non-profit organizations frequently depend on the service and commitment of volunteers. The skills and talents of volunteers workers bring nonprofit missions to life. Volunteers perform valuable services for the non-profit organizations. According to HR Specialist, (2002), recent studies estimate that about a hundred million people volunteer each year with an annual value in the range of $150 billion, Not only do volunteers help to save money, but they can provide better service to clients, increase contact with the greater community, make available better expertise, and reduce costs of services. From the early days of America, according to Dreger, (1996). volunteers have pitched in to treat community maladies and needs. Hospitals, orphanages, schools and local fire companies (to name a very few) were the result of a civic rallying around a cause. That civic concern and community  merger continues today in religious charities , Habitat for Humanities, hospitals, libraries, schools and colleges, Hospices, and YMCAs (to name just a very few). While we are sometimes suspicious of volunteers, the truth is that nonprofit organizations would not exist if it were not for the volunteers. Specifically, governance, programming and fund development are three areas of activity in which volunteers assist non-profit organizations, Dreger, (1996). When speaking of governance, volunteers who serve on boards of directors and their committees are the lifeblood of nonprofit organizations, Dreger, (1996). While the Executive Director takes care of day to day matters, volunteer directors take responsibility for policy making, for assuring that the organization has adequate funding, and for meeting any legal challenges that might arise. We often talk about the attributes of a good board member such as a combination of several of the following: wealth, wisdom, work, and the influence factor. With an appropriate mix of these attributes, boards will be in a position of strength to act on their strategic plans. If an organization is preparing fo r a capital campaign, then adding more wealth or wow to the board makes sense. If instituting new programming is in the future, then leaning the board toward wisdom and work would be productive. A board that polishes its composition will be motivated and strengthened. In the area of programming, Dreger, (1996), recommend that trained volunteers can be invaluable in helping to deliver services to clients. They reduce costs through their work and can often provide better services to clients since they serve because of their passion for the organization’s mission. Many volunteers also bring expertise or experience to the organization that is free, such as legal or accounting services, for instance. Other volunteers provide contact with parts of the community that an organization generally doesn’t interact with volunteers will talk about your organization with their friends and colleagues—the good and the bad), and chief among them would be the volunteer who coordinates volunteers! For each volunteer there is the reward of helping others, of serving the cause. When properly directed, volunteers are a treasured asset, real gems in delivering services to those in need, Dreger, (1996). Finally, in the Fund Development area, while fundraising is a chief responsibility of the board, Dreger, (1996), argue there are other ways that volunteers can help to advance the organiz ation. As part of a  development committee, volunteers can serve as prospectors, mining their networks for nuggets you want to pan out. They also can be the go-getters who will put on special events such as auctions, galas, or raffles. Others can seek to get better media coverage. For the best results, it’s important to think through a recruitment strategy to get the right volunteers serving with you, similar to massaging the board’s composition. With a clear idea of what needs to be accomplished and with direction from staff, volunteers can expand your horizons, help you to meet people of influence and affluence that you wouldn’t otherwise, bring skills and expertise that will increase revenues, and become new and dear friends. This is particularly helpful when making plans for a capital campaign. As a leader in an organization, you make the difference between mere success and great success. John Maxwell, author of many books on leadership, says â€Å"Leadership†¦has to do with casting vision and motivating people.† Those people in many cases are the volunteers who have sought you out and you have sought out. The degree to which they add value to your work and mission is dependent on how they are assigned tasks, trained, supervised, evaluated, and loved. Celebrate with your volunteers in all areas of activity! You’ll have lots of fun doing it.. The service volunteers provide to non-profit organizations is of immense value; they take any job, big or small and commit to its completion. They represent the organization before the community and take on the governance responsibility over the organization; they care for the organization as if it was a business of their own. The role of volunteers in for-profit organizations Volunteering at for-profit organizations is generally frowned upon under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). Under the FLSA, employees may not volunteer services to for-profit private sector employers. On the other hand, in the vast majority of circumstances, individuals can volunteer services to public sector employers. When Congress amended the FLSA in 1985, it made clear that people are allowed to volunteer their services to public agencies and their community with but one exception; public sector employers may not allow their employees to volunteer, without compensation, additional time to do the same work for which they are employed. There is no prohibition on anyone employed in the private sector from volunteering in any capacity or line of  work in the public sector. Tuschman, R., (2012). A shaky economy and poor job market can tempt employers to use free labor; volunteers who are willing (at least initially) to give up compensation to obtain on-the-job skill or to help a d esired social cause or a struggling company. While this exercise may seem like a win-win situation, it is overloaded with legal danger for employers. Under the federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and many state and local wage and hour laws, the use of volunteers is strictly regulated. A court or the U.S. Department of Labor will consider misclassified individuals as employees who must be paid at least the minimum wage, and overtime pay if applicable. Penalties and attorneys’ fees may also be assessed. Under the FLSA, a volunteer will not be considered an employee if the individual volunteers for public service, religious or humanitarian objectives, and without contemplation or receipt of compensation. Typically, volunteers will serve on a part-time basis and will not displace employees or perform work that would otherwise be performed by employees. In addition, to avoid the possibility of coercion, the Department of Labor (DOL) takes the position that paid employees may not volunteer to perform the same type of services for their employer that they are normally employed to perform. These principles are strictly construed against employers. For example, the DOL has opined that there is no employment relationship between a for-profit hospice and individuals who volunteer their services to perform activities of a charitable nature, such as running errands, sitting with patients so that a family may have a break, and going to funerals. However, individuals may not donate their service s to hospices to do activities such as general office or administrative work that are not charitable in nature. Moreover, with respect to those individuals already employed by a hospice, the DOL has stated that they may not volunteer their services to the hospice. In the public sector, an individual who volunteers to perform services for a public agency is not an employee if the individual receives no compensation or is paid expenses, reasonable benefits or a nominal fee. In addition, the FLSA provides that the volunteer services cannot be the same type of services that the individual is employed to perform for the agency. Individuals can qualify as volunteers if they either volunteer to perform services for a different agency or perform different services than they are employed to perform for the same public agency, Tuschman, (2012). According to the Fair Labor Standard Act (FLSA), the difference between an employee and a volunteer in the for-profit sector is a very thin line which can lead an employer to misclassifying employees as volunteers, Bertagna, (2012). According to the same source, employers can use volunteers as long as they adhere to the minimum wage and overtime requirements of the Fair Labor Standard Act. â€Å"If employers misclassify employees as volunteers, the employer’s perceived opportunity to save on money may become a liability† (Bertagna, 2012). Volunteers’ roles in for -profit organizations face several limitations since the volunteer-employer relationship is subject to meeting certain conditions in order to not be considered an employee. In light to fully understand the legal interpretation of the volunteer in a for-profit organization it’s convenient to visit the U. S. Supreme Court (1947) observation about evaluating the relationship in today’s volunteer context: †The determination of the relationship does not depend on isolated factors but rather upon the circumstances of the whole activity.† Volunteers actively participate in activities where they usually have a personal interest in the for-profit sector, like the case of parents volunteering at their children private schools, or personalities giving presentations or lectures at private Universities, not to mention volunteers at private hospitals and their work to alleviate the suffering of the patients. Another category were volunteers participate in for-profit organizations is the case of retires senior managers or directors whom continue to collaborate for their former employers in an emeritus role, sharing their knowledge and experience with the new generations. The influence volunteers exert on organizational decision-making In the early 1980’s, changes in the American society started to call the attention of the scholars. Pearce (1982) described what he anticipated would result in volunteers looking for leadership roles and advance from their affiliations with organizations. In order to responsibly participate in the decision-making process, volunteers need to understand the role and social responsibility the organization has before the public, its customers and the community (Edwards, 2008). Volunteers in leadership positions within both non-profit and for-profit organizations exert a great influence in the decision-making process since their specific role positions them in an authority level where their experience and cognizance serves as a foundation for their capacity. Being as board members, advisory council members, or partner emeritus if firms and corporations, volunteers will always serve with the only goal in mind to do the most good for the organization and/or community they serve. Their willingness to share their expertise and knowledge with the organization, will serve as a way to give back some of what they have received through their lives. Sir Winston Churchill is credited with the quote: â€Å"We make a living by what we get; we make a life by what we give.† He was able to put volunteerism is its correct perspective. Conclusion â€Å"Our Nation has been profoundly shaped by ordinary Americans who have volunteered their time and energy to overcome extraordinary challenges. From the American Revolution and the Seneca Falls Convention to the everyday acts of compassion and purpose that move millions to make change in their communities, our Nation has always been at its best when individuals have come together to realize a common vision. As we continue to pursue progress, service and social innovation will play an essential role in achieving our highest ambitions from a world-class education for every child to an economy built to last. During National Volunteer Week, we pay tribute to all who give of themselves to keep America strong, and we renew the spirit of service that has enriched our country for generations.† (Obama, 2012) Alexis de Tocqueville was profoundly move d by America’s spirit of volunteerism when he toured the United States in 1831, he recognized the way Americans were prompt to assist one another and to sacrifice part of their time to for the welfare of the state (Bertagna, 2012). This is the true spirit of volunteerism, when people devote their time and energy to assist in pursuing and obtaining a greater good. The role volunteers play in modern organizations is of paramount importance, they donate their time, their talent, and their knowledge to support and assist with causes they believe in and where they have placed their hopes and their hearts. Those individuals who perform hours of service without compensation do it for  civic, charitable, or humanitarian reasons deserve to be recognized and respected, deserve to be honored for what they do. References Bertagna, B.R., (2012). For-profit volunteers: The fair labor standards a CT’s limits on volunteering in the private sector. Daily Labor Report. The Bureau of National Affairs. 179 DLR I-.Retrieved from http://www.paulhastings.com/Resources/Upload/Publications/2262.pdf. Edwards, H.C., (2008). Volunteers in leadership roles: Successfully engaging advisory councils. International Journal of Volunteer Administration. 25(2). Retrieved from:http://www.ijova.org/PDF/IJOVA%20Sample%201%20Manuscript%20May%2014.pdf. Ellis, S., (2003). Do volunteers deserve the board’s attention? Nonprofit World. 21 (1) 19-21.January/February 2003.ICNL (2013) FAQ. International Center for Not-For-Profit Law. Washington, DC. Retrieved from http://www.icnl.org/contact/faq/index.html. Lawrence, A. and Weber, J., (2011) Business and society: Stakeholders, ethics, public policy (13th Ed). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Lewis, L.K., Hamel, S. A., and Richardson, B.K., (2001). Communicating change to nonprofit stakeholders: Models and predictors of implementers’ approaches. Management Communication Quarterly. 15 (1). Pp.15-41 Kipp, M.F,. (2009). Rethinking the nonprofit board. Nonprofit World. 27(6), pp. 20-21. Pearce, J.L., (1982). Leading and following volunteers: Implications for a changing society. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science. 18 (3), pp. 385-394. Reiss, A.H. (1990) Bottom line: A working board of directors. Management Review. 79(5), pp. 37-38. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=1e928abd-3175-4cd5-9afe-c348a044c8a3%40sessionmgr15vid=8hid=5. Hansen, C., (2014). Why is volunteering important? Volunteer Resource Center. (VRC). Retrieved from http://www.idealist.org/info/Volunteer/Why. Bruce, T. R. and Martin, P. W., (1992). Legal Information Institute. Retrieved from http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/non-profit_organizations. Dreger, D.C., (1996). Importance of Volunteers for Non Profit Organizations Retrieved from http://www.cdsfunds.com/volunteers_what_can_they_do_for_you.html. Ingram, D., (2009). Non-Profit Organization vs. Profit Organization. Demand Media. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/non-profit-organization-vs-profit-organization-4150.html. Service Corps of Retired Executives (SCORE). (n.d). Non-profit vs. For-Profit. Retrieved from http://scoreknox.org/library/versus.htm. The HR Specialist, (2002). Employment Law. Volunteers’ at for-profit companies: Should they be paid? Compensation and Benefits, Human Resources http://www.businessmanagementdaily.com/775/volunteers-at-for-profit-companies-should-they-be-paid. Tuschman, R., (2012). Using Volunteers and Interns: Is It Legal? Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/richardtuschman/2012/08/24/using-volunteers-and-interns-is-it-legal/.

Sickle Cell Disease Essay -- Diseases Health Medical Medicine Essays

Sickle Cell Disease Sickle Cell Disease is an illness that affects people all across the globe. This paper will give a description of the sickness through the discussion of the causes, symptoms, and possible cures. Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a "group of inherited red blood cell disorders."(1) These disorders can have various afflictions, such as pain, damage and a low blood count--Sickle Cell Anemia. The overall incidence of SCD is eight out of 100,000 people. However, it is much more widespread in some people. "One out of 600 African Americans and one out of 1,000 to 1, 400 Hispanic Americans" are affected. (2). However, there are other populations who are especially affected, as well. These include, but are not limited to "Arabs, Greeks, Italians, and people from India."(1) As it is plain to see, the disease can affect many different types of people. Now that we know whom this illness should concern, we must discuss what exactly the disease is. "The genetic defect that causes sickle cell anemia affects hemoglobin." (3). Hemoglobin is a constituent of red blood cells. Its job is to take oxygen to all the cells and tissues in the body. "Red blood cells that contain normal hemoglobin are soft and round. Their soft texture enables them to squeeze through the body's small blood vessels."(3) People with SCD, however, have a type of irregular hemoglobin. "A genetic error makes the hemoglobin molecules stick together in a long, rigid rods after they release oxygen. These rods cause the red blood cells to become hard and sickle-shaped, unable to squeeze through tiny blood vessels. The misshapen cells can get stuck in the small blood vessels, causing a blockage that deprives the body's cells and tissues of b... ...ealthy and fulfilling lives. Treatments such the ones mentioned make this a possibility. Also, people affected by the disease can help themselves by living a healthy life which includes eating a proper diet, getting adequate exercise, and reducing stress. As people who are not afflicted by the disease we can do something to help. We can donate blood and bone marrow in hopes of being a match to a suffering patient. This disease does not only affect the African American community, as is popular known, it affects us all. Internet Sources: 1)Sickle Cell Anemia http://www.pediatrics.emory.edu/SICKLE/sicklept.htm 2) Sickle Cell Anemia http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000527.htm 3)New Hope for People with Sickle Cell Anemia , http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/496_sick.html 4)Sickle Cell Anemia, http://www.mamashealth.com/Sickle_Cell.asp

Feasibility study Essay

Sometimes a full-scale study cannot be justified because there are too many unknowns, or because a critical piece of information is lacking. In such circumstances a feasibility study may be warranted. A feasibility study is undertaken before the real work to determine whether to proceed with a project and decide the best approach to adopt. Feasibility studies can be extremely important in reducing uncertainties for planning the definitive study, and often provide reassurance to funding bodies that the work has been thoroughly thought through.s Our business Queen Pitahaya Fruit Shake (Dragon Fruit) bears the vision of providing fun, deliciously appetizing, uniquely enchanting food and beverage products while maintaining our commitment to uncompromised quality at economical rates with a heartening purpose to cater to society’s needs, taste and preferences: rather than simply convincing our customers to try and like whatever products we develop. Dragon fruit contains much health benefit and uses, that is why we develop something that will really help customers satisfied their needs and wants. Queen Pitahaya Fruit Shake keeps our body healthy, inside and out. Developing a new product for the public is never an easy undertaking. The number of new products that actually make it is insignificant to the total numbers that are actually produced. We as a student believe we have found one of those products that will make an impact and ultimately be successful is a shake. The healthy shake will provide our customers with an almost endless amount of healthy alternatives to the other drinks. This information will provide sales, costs, profits, market, competitors, distribution, and the macro environment balance. The healthy fruit shake will promise you customers to provide the quality, reasonably priced product in industry. We aim for continuously generate awareness, interest and desire for our product, resulting in frequent purchases by the customers. II. INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Dragon Fruit Shake has a delightful and pretty mild taste, not too sweet but just perfect to appeal with the consumers taste buds. It is made from fresh dragon fruits, non fat milk, and green stevia. Our product will offer numerous health benefits that are good for the body and will cater the ever increasing demand for a healthy food and beverage choice, diets and losing weight. Dragon fruit are among the many wonder fruits that are said to provide multiple health benefits and include a whole array of nutrients, vitamins, fiber and anti-oxidants. It is best for all diets because it has low calories and is rich in fiber that can help avoid constipation, improve your digestive health and help you reduce weight naturally without health risk. Others call this as a super food due to its powerful healing properties. Non-fat milk which is also one of the ingredients of the product offers the goodness of milk but minus the fat, which makes it an easy addition to one’s balanced diet. It gives nutrition to those who put importance to managing to control their weight and staying fit. We use green stevia as a sweetener. It is an all-natural food supplement that is said to be 300 times sweeter than ordinary sugar. Proven by experts, green stevia has zero calories, zero fats, zero sodium and zero cholesterol. B. Name of the Enterprise The name of the enterprise is one of the most important things that are needed in the business. QUEEN PITAHAYA FRUIT SHAKE is the primary name of the business. PITAHAYA originated from the word Hylocereus undatus commonly known as dragon fruit is among the most nutritious and wonderful exotic fruits. Hylocereus undatus is one of the most popular and cultivated cacti species of the genus Hylocereus, especially for the fruit industry while we choose the name QUEEN because the 4 partners in the business are all girls. We create this kind of name in our business because it’s easy to memorize or to familiarize by the customers, its unique name and it’s our way to attract them and it could be a trademark for quality products. C. Statement of the Problem These days, consumers are considered as the king of the market. Their needs and demand varies from time to time because of the changes in technology, fashion, tastes, behavior and lifestyle. Consumers of today are becoming more conscious about their health so as to manage health related concerns, thus consumers demand for a healthy food choice, diets and losing weight. D. Objectives of the Study Stated below are the lists of objectives that this study is contemplating on pursuing. 1. To offer a healthy beverage that satisfies the fast changing consumer preferences for a shake drink. 2. To be able to earn profit 3. To gain market share III. MARKETING PLAN A. Analysis of the Customer Environment There are groups of customers for our Dragon Fruit Shake and the needs are different from segment to segment. It is primarily focused on segments including Kids, Adults, Health Conscious, and the Youth market. The table shows the segments for Dragon Fruit Shake. Not a child yet not an adult Possibly wanting to drink what adults drink but without the adult taste Intense competition with both direct and indirect competitors Unbounded changing of customers demand and preferences E. Marketing Mix Product Dragon Fruit Shake is made from pure, fresh and naturally grown dragon fruits. We do not use artificial sweetener but rather an all- natural sugar substitute. It has a delicious, creamy, delightful taste. Each cup of our shake offers a lot of health benefits for our customers at an affordable price thus, making their money worth spending on. Place Dragon fruit shake will be having its first store at food court of SM Dasmarià ±as. We will not place our store at roadside locations as we promote healthy beverage and we don’t want our product to be exposed on different toxins and smoke coming from the vehicles. We will operate on a safe and clean environment. Price The business will use the Cost-plus pricing strategy to calculate for the price of dragon fruit shake. The price will be set based on the production cost, including both direct and indirect cost at our projected sales volume, and our standard mark-up. Our product is competitively priced and is very affordable for consumers to buy. Taking into account the extreme health benefits our product can offer, we are very sure that their money will be worth spending on consuming our product and making it as a staple on their healthy diet. Projected market price for Dragon fruit shake will start at: P 26 for small; Sales Promotion In- store Sampling – will be conducting sampling program at SM Dasmarinas supermarket and at the same time, giving away fliers and encouraging them to visit and try to buy the product at the store located at the foodcourt. Exposition/ Trade fair – join trade fairs to increase awareness of the existence of our business. This would also give us the chance to showcase the goodness of our product. We will have free taste of our product and we will also sell our product if people would love to buy. We will also have the chance to be seen and known by a lot of bloggers. Public Relation Social Media – integration to social media can create dynamic, measurable ways to engage the community and drive bottom-line results. We will create fan pages on websites, such as Facebook, to start marketing our product online. Often post interesting information about our product, entertaining stories, comments to continually draw interest from consumers. Place ads on Facebook to attract even more consumers to our fan page. We could also have fun games, surveys, contests and customer testimonials. Direct Marketing (For future Direct Marketing efforts) Television, newspapers and magazines will be use to advertise our product. Our existence as well as the health benefits of the product will be the main focus of the advertisement. Television Shows – catering sponsorship on Television Health Shows like Salamat Dok Newspaper – advertisement on newspapers like Philippine Daily Inquirer and Manila Bulletin will increase people’s awareness especially the professionals Magazine – advertisement on magazines like Women’s health and Men’s health is directly targeted towards the health conscious market. We will also have advertisement on Candy Magazine. This will be directly targeted towards the Youth market. All this direct marketing efforts can generate awareness and induce them to try and purchase or product. Feedback from Customers The Dragon Fruit Shake will be operated by 4 persons as partners. Dragon Fruit Shake was a partnership business accounted as limited firm and owned by the following persons: Ma. Fe Victoria N. Alano, Dyann Bucaling, Sharmaine Lyka P. Vecino, and Melody M. Ramos. The business started with a capital amounted to 100,000.00 having equal contributions from the owners. E. Organizational Structure The figure has shown the organizational structure of Dragon Fruit Shake which composes an Operational Manager, Bookkeeper Personnel, Marketing Personnel, and Financial Analyst which all of them contributed to the company. Operational Manager – is an area of management concerned with overseeing, designing, and controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the production of goods or services. It involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in terms of using as few resources as needed, and effective in terms of meeting customer requirements. It is concerned with managing the process that converts inputs (in the forms of materials, labor, and energy) into outputs (in the form of goods and/or services). Bookkeeper – in the context of a business is simply the recording of financial transactions. Transactions include purchases, sales, receipts and payments by an individual or organization. Many individuals mistakenly consider bookkeeping and accounting to be the same thing. This confusion is understandable because the accounting process includes the bookkeeping function, but is just one part of the accounting process. Cashier – the officer of a bank or business concern in charge of paying and receiving money and handles cash transactions with customers. Sales Personnel – refers to those who work as part of the sales team either in a retail store, call center or individually from home. Sales personnel are employed to sell to other businesses or to individual consumers. Working in sales can be demanding or stressful, as much of the role involves working toward sales targets. Sources of Literature www.pinoybusiness.com/food-business/starting-a-fruit-juice-and-shake-business/ www.quennsland.qld.gov.au/industry/food/food-innovation/innovative-food-beverage-products/healthy-foods-biodegradable-packaging www.tutor2u.net/business/marketing/pricing_cost-plus.asp bizfinance.about.com/od/pricingyourproduct/a/Pricing-your-product-using-mark-up.htm kimberlysnyder.net/blog/2013/01/08/superfruit casaveneracion.com/dragon-fruit-shake/ prezi.com/k9oj8jyers1/feasibility-study/ www.greenstevia.com.ph thenutritionguruandthechef.wordpress.com/2012/05/13 www.cookinglight.com www.fruitasgroup.com www.cavite.go.ph/home/index.php/investment/cost-of-doing-business/minimum-wage Belch (2003). Advertising and Promotions. The McGraw-Hill Companies Kotler et.al (1999). Principles of Marketing. New Jersey, USA. Prentice hall

Ensuring use of technology has purpose in education

Harmonizing to Schwartz ( 2008 ) , ‘Teaching is a dynamic dealing between head, stuffs, results and ends. Teachers teach ; scholars learn – all within the context of a complex cognitive and socio-cultural environment that is germinating faster than at any other clip in the history of instruction ‘ . Schwartz ( 2008 ) states that one of the grounds for this is the impact of technological progresss on the instruction system. The pupils of today live in a extremely technological universe. They are surrounded by appliances and bombarded by information. They use engineering for diversion, communicating and information. We as pedagogues have a responsibility to encompass engineering and utilize it to profit all stakeholders involved. But how can we guarantee that engineering is non used merely because we think it should but as something that enriches the experience of the scholar. How do we equilibrate the usage of engineering and the demands of the scholar? As Pedagogy Strategy ( 2005 ) states ‘Making engineerings available does non of itself consequence in changed instruction methods or in the degree of larning results. Effective usage of ICT in instruction requires appropriate teaching methods. ‘ We have to guarantee that the usage of engineering has significance and intent. There is a overplus of research on the construct of blended acquisition. Blended acquisition, harmonizing to Rodgers ( 2009 ) , is ‘executing a acquisition scheme that integrates multiple bringing modes ( both synchronal and asynchronous ) and, in making so, making the best possible larning solution for your mark audience ‘ . Blended larning requires the scholar to be at the Centre of the procedure and guaranting that it is the right environment for the right scholar. In concern blended acquisition can be seen as the right combination at the lowest costs, this applied to education would be the right combination at the greatest acquisition result. Dzakiria et.al ( 2006 ) citing Driscoll ‘s work, sees blended acquisition as uniting web-based engineering to bring forth an ‘optimal acquisition result ‘ . In concern you have to cognize your market, in instruction it is important that you know your scholar and a one size fits all doctrine does non work. Dzakir ia et.al. ( 2006 ) argues that we need to see the pupils as the primary educational client, their positions and experiences, and the learning support mechanism for effectual acquisition results. It is indispensable that students own their acquisition, that they lead their acquisition and they are at the Centre of the procedure. Technological progresss has resulted in the usage of blended acquisition schemes in concern, universities and schools. The potency of the usage of blended acquisition for e-assessment is mindblowing. JISC INFONET ( **** ) states that ‘assessment is one of the most important countries of an educational system. It defines what pupils take to be of import, how they spend much of their academic clip and in many ways how they value themselves. ‘ Assessment is important to the scholar every bit long as it has a clear and defined intent. The usage of e-assessment can utilize the cardinal doctrine of blended acquisition and give the learner control over their acquisition and help their acquisition. E-assessment has advantages, JISC INFONET ( **** ) states that it allows instant feedback, allows clip for alteration, staff acquire immediate feedback and this can be linked to other on-line stuffs. Although there are concerns over the usage of E-assessment. E-assessment itself may sa lvage clip but the clip it takes to ab initio put up such an appraisal can non be underestimated. ***** can widen The development of personal acquisition environments ( PLEs ) has opened up the potency of the larning non merely being the Centre of the learning procedure but taking the larning themselves. The possible, particularly for school aged students could be great. Imagine an PLE which gives a record of a child online from the minute they walk into instruction to the clip they leave at 16 or 18. What if that record continues to university? What if that continues invariably as we embark on ‘lifelong larning ‘ ? This will in bend have a enormous consequence on instruction and acquisition. Becta ( 2007 ) suggests that PLE ‘s ‘offers a portal to the universe, through which scholars can research and make harmonizing to their ain involvements and waies, interacting at all times with their friends and community. ‘ Harmelen ( 2006 ) suggests that the development of PLE ‘s is motivated by the demands of the womb-to-tomb scholar and for a system that provides a st andard interface, a response from the fact that the scholar ‘s e-system demands to be under the control of the scholar and the demands of the scholar themselves. Taraghi et. Al. ( 2010 ) negotiations of utilizing the MashUp rule which ‘will let scholars to construct their ain acquisition environment ‘ . The potency of PLEs in instruction is radical. Downs ( 2009 ) , states that ‘future larning environment which becomes non an institutional or corporate application, but besides a acquisition centre, where content is reused and remixed harmonizing to the pupil ‘s ain demands and involvements. It becomes, so, non a individual application, but a aggregation of interoperating applications – an environment instead than a system ‘ . Research is being undertaken to look at how PLE ‘s will turn to a scholars larning and the consequence and deductions on instruction. But Taraghi et. Al. ( 2010 ) points out that traditional Learning Management S ystems ( LMS ) are non flexible plenty to supply an effectual PLE system. Taraghi et. Al. ( 2010 ) points out that, ‘even current research can non indicate out what a extremely personalised larning environment should look like in item ‘ . Using a PLE to turn to womb-to-tomb acquisition would necessitate looking at the large image non one specific component of a scholar ‘s acquisition. In the past developments have been centred on specific phases in instruction but now we need to guarantee the scholar ‘s demands are addressed throughout their acquisition journey. Atwell ( 2007 ) provinces, ‘if non continuous, larning is now seen as multi episodic, with persons passing occasional periods of formal instruction and developing throughout their on the job life. ‘ PLE ‘s will hold to turn to both the thoughts of uninterrupted acquisition and the periods of informal acquisition that a scholar brushs. Formal larning itself, harmonizing to Atwell ( 20 07 ) histories for merely 20 per cent of a scholar ‘s acquisition. In the past educational engineering has paid little or no attending to informal larning a PLE could turn to this issue. PLE ‘s could be used for anyone who wants to organize their ain acquisition. Taraghi et.al. ( 2010 ) specify seven important facets for the displacement from LMS to PLE: The function of the scholar Personalisation Content Social engagement Ownership Educational and organizational civilization Technological facets PLE ‘s could convey together the huge sum of different engineering that a scholar uses under one umbrella. Making it distinguishable and personalised to that scholar, involve the engineerings they like to utilize and turn to their specific acquisition manners. The scholar could make up one's mind their penchants to how they study, present information etc. The scholar can make up one's mind on their ain content and analyze the countries they decide to assist with their acquisition. The scholar could in kernel develop a acquisition environment that addresses their specific demands at their current phase in instruction. Milligan quoted in BECTA ( 2007 ) believes PLE ‘s ‘would give the scholar greater control over their learning experience ( pull offing their resources, the work they have produced, the activities they participate in ) and would represent their ain personal acquisition environment, which they could utilize to interact with institutional systems to entree content, appraisal, libraries and the similar ‘ . Atwell ( 2007 ) states that PLE ‘s ‘are non an application but instead a new attack to the usage of new engineerings for larning. There remain many issues to be resolved. But, at the terminal of the twenty-four hours, the statement for the usage of Personal Learning environments in non proficient but instead is philosophical, ethic and pedagogic. ‘ This wealth of grounds of larning would ensue in a e-portfolio which could potentially chart a scholar from the minute they enter the instruction system. There could potential be a wealth of touchable grounds which could be used as grounds for makings or as an illustration of what a possible employee may be capable of. Cohn and Hibbitts ( 2004 ) suggest that an e-portfolio ‘stimulates our pupils to prosecute in brooding thought ‘ . What is apparent is the thought that we have to be careful that e-portfolios are closely linked to the thoughts of PLE ‘s. If we are doing personal acquisition environments which are alone to the scholar, we do non desire to so make an e-portfolio which is one size fits all, it besides has to be personalised to the scholar, integrate the scholars larning manners and penchants. Learning and appraisal are intertwined, therefore if we talk about bring forthing a PLE so the thought of an e-portfolio must organize a important component of such an environment. Gulbahar and Tinmaz ( 2006 ) suggests that the thought of an e-portfolio support pupils focused on the acquisition procedure instead than the terminal merchandise. They suggest that ‘By the usage of e-portfolios, pupils have the opportunity to reflect upon their acquisition and instructors have the chance to supply elaborate feedback on pupils ‘ work. ‘ Research undertaken by Gulbarhar and Tinemaz ( 2006 ) suggested that utilizing an e-portfolio was favoured by all the pupils in their survey. They concluded that I gave the pupils a ‘great opportunity for self betterment ‘ and it besides ‘demonstrated a acquisition centres theoretical account for instructor campaigners. ‘ The pupils besides gained more cognition and associated it with existent life context.

Society is becoming over-regulated

Society is becoming over-regulated Society These Days Does Society Really Need Regulation? It is impossible to make generalizations about whether society is or is not becoming over-regulated, as all societies require some forms of regulation in order to function, but not all regulations are of equal value. Instead, rather than trying to assess whether society as a whole is over-regulated, which is too sweeping an assertion to be either proven or disproven, we should unpack the problem of which sorts of regulations are excessive or superfluous and which are needed, and how the issue of the degree to which regulations are enforced is just as important as their existence on the books. Regulations: from Absurd to Necessary The first category of regulations we might consider are obsolete statutes that still remain part of the legal code despite having been rendered obsolete by either changing customs or new technology. In Missouri, for example, it is illegal to drive with an uncaged bear in ones car. Other laws date back to the time when horses and carriages were common modes of transportation. More relevant to todays students are what are sometimes called blue laws that regulate what is considered moral behavior, including sexual acts, and alcohol and drug use. Many of these, such as those concerning what sexual acts are permitted between consenting adults, are impossible to enforce and anyway seem to many people an intolerable limitation on what should be purely personal decisions. Others, such as the laws against pedophilia, seem to be morally justifiable. Another category of laws that in some peoples view constitute forms of over-regulation are those concerning the private use of alcohol, marijuana, and other addictive or mind-altering substances. While most people would agree that some regulation is needed, especially regulations that prohibit young children from accessing such substances, everything from the age at which people should be allowed to make their own decisions to which substances should be regulated in what manner are matters of controversy. My own position on this is that these substances are both over- and under-regulated. On the one hand, making substances illegal or limiting the days on which one can buy alcohol in stores is ineffective in preventing substance abuse. On the other hand, some forms of regulation, such as laws against drunk driving. have saved many lives and strengthening such regulations along with making public transit affordable and widely available might save even more lives. Legalizing recreationa l drugs but closely regulating them for quality and safety might also save lives; in this case, I would argue that many drugs are both over-regulated, in so far as personal use is criminalized, and under-regulated in the sense that quality and safety are not adequately monitored. The Nanny State While many people have issues with what the British term the nanny state that regulates many aspects of personal choice or behavior, peoples opinions vary on what specific regulations are justified. The attempt of New York City to prohibit the sale of soft drinks in servings of over 16 ounces was eventually overturned but still serves as an example of regulatory overreach. Although drinking a 32-ounce soda is not good for ones health, if someone wants that quantity of soda, that is a matter of personal choice. Moreover, as people could have bought two 16-ounce containers under the law, it would not have been a particularly effective way to encourage healthy eating habits. On the other hand, regulations that insist that accurate nutritional labels be made clearly visible to customers seem a legitimate form of regulation, as such labels allow us to make informed choices about our own health. What these examples show is that regulations in our society can be either beneficial or harmful. Some regulations are excessive or absurd, while others are necessary. In some areas, especially ones relating to health and safety, more comprehensive regulations and stricter enforcement would be desirable. Food should be safe to eat and water safe to drink. In other areas, though, regulations can be intrusive or even harmful. Thus our society can neither be said to be over-regulated or under-regulated, but rather we can conclude that we should look at each individual regulation on its own merits.

Definition and Examples of Doublespeak

Definition and Examples of Doublespeak Doublespeak is  language  thats intended to deceive or confuse people. The words used in doublespeak can often be understood in more than one way.   Doublespeak in English Doublespeak may take the form of  euphemisms, unsupported generalizations, or deliberate  ambiguity. Contrast with  plain English. William Lutz has defined  doublespeak  as language which pretends to  communicate  but doesnt.The word  doublespeak  is a  neologism  based on the  compounds  Newspeak  and  Doublethink  in George Orwells novel  1984  (1949), though Orwell himself never used the term. Examples and Observations of Doublespeak Political language . . . is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind. (George Orwell, Politics and the English Language, 1946)Employing Orwellian doublespeak, the Texas Department of Agriculture issued a press release that simultaneously touted its efforts to combat  child  obesity while also  lifting a decade-old ban  on deep fat fryers in public schools. Because nothing slims a child’s waist faster than a helping of French fries. (Mark Bittman, What We’re Reading Now.  The New York Times, June 25, 2015) William Lutz on Doublespeak Doublespeak  is  language  which pretends to communicate but doesnt. It is  language  which makes the bad seem good, the negative seem positive, the unpleasant seem unattractive, or at least tolerable. It is  language  which avoids, shifts or denies responsibility; language which is at variance with its real or purported meaning. It is  language  which conceals or prevents thought. Doublespeak is all around us. We are asked to check our packages at the desk for our convenience when its not for our convenience at all but for someone elses convenience. We see advertisements for preowned, experienced or previously distinguished cars, not used cars and for genuine imitation leather, virgin vinyl or real counterfeit diamonds. (William Lutz, Doubts About Doublespeak.  State Government News, July 1993) With  doublespeak, banks dont have bad loans or bad debts; they have nonperforming assets or nonperforming credits which are rolled over or rescheduled.(William Lutz,  The New Doublespeak. HarperCollins, 1996)War and PeaceI reminded [the soldiers] and their families that the war in Iraq is really about peace.(President George W. Bush, April 2003) A Dehumanizing Language A  dehumanising  system requires a  dehumanising  language. So familiar and pervasive has this language become that it has soaked almost unnoticed into our lives. Those who do have jobs are also described by the function they deliver to capital. These days they are widely known as human resources. The living world is discussed in similar terms. Nature is natural capital. Ecological processes are ecosystem services, because their only purpose is to serve us. Hills, forests and rivers are described  in government reports  as green infrastructure.  Wildlife and habitats are asset classes  in an ecosystems market. . . . Those who kill for a living employ similar terms. Israeli military commanders described the massacre of 2,100 Palestinians, most of whom were civilians (including 500 children), in Gaza this summer as mowing the lawn. . . . The army has developed a technique it calls  Shake ‘n Bake: flush people out with phosphorus, then kill them with high explosives. Shake ‘n Bake is a product made by Kraft Foods for coating meat with breadcrumbs before cooking it. Terms such as these are designed to replace mental images of death and mutilation with images of something else. (George Monbiot, Cleansing the Stock’ and Other Ways Governments Talk About Human Beings.  The Guardian  [UK], October 21, 2014) Poker-Table Communication During the weeks of negotiations, the usual intercourse of policy deliberation . . . was interrupted. It was replaced by poker-table communication: Instead of saying what they wanted, Europe’s leaders engaged in  doublespeak, saying things publicly to strengthen their negotiating position in Brussels, even if those things were often at odds with their actual intent and thoughts. (Anna Sauerbrey, European Political Poker.  The New York Times, August 9, 2015) Fashionable Doublespeak [Umbro designer David] Blanch has employed an impressive amount of  doublespeak  to talk up the technological wizardry of his design. The shirts boast intelligent ventilation points, which look very much like arm holes to you and me. It incorporates tailored shoulder darts specifically designed to accommodate the biodynamics of the shoulder. Its hard to tell from the official pictures, but this ever-so-clever touch appears to be a seam. (Helen Pidd, New All-White England Kit.  The Guardian, March 29, 2009) President Harry Trumans Secretary of Semantics I have appointed a Secretary of  Semanticsa most important post. He is to furnish me with forty to fifty dollar words. Tell me how to say yes and no in the same sentence without a contradiction. He is to tell me the combination of words that will put me against inflation in San Francisco and for it in New York. He is to show me how to keep silentand say everything. You can very well see how he can save me an immense amount of worry. (President Harry S Truman, December 1947. Quoted by Paul Dickson in  Words From the White House. Walker Company, 2013) Resisting Doublespeak What can the average  receiver  do about  doublespeak  and related scams, swindles, and deceptions, and what should the average persuader/advertiser/blogger and so on do to avoid engaging in it? The  Doublespeak Homepage  recommends asking the following questions about any piece of  persuasion  being received or planned:  1. Who is speaking to whom?  2. Under what conditions?  3. Under what circumstances?  4. With what intent?  5. With what results?If you cannot answer  all  these questions with ease, or if you feel uncomfortable with the answers, or if you cannot determine any answer to them, you are probably dealing with doublespeak. You had better be prepared to delve deeper, or if you are sending the message, youd better think about cleaning it up a bit. (Charles U. Larson,  Persuasion: Reception and Responsibility, 12th ed. Wadsworth, 2010)      See Examples and Observations below.  Also  see: Pronunciation:  DUB-bel SPEK Also Known  As:  double talk ApoplanesisBureaucrateseA Dictionary of Phony PhrasesGeorge Carlins Essential DrivelGeorge Orwells Rules for WritersGibberish  and  GobbledygookLexical AmbiguityMystification  and  SkotisonSoft LanguageSoggy Sweats Whiskey SpeechUnder the Flapdoodle Tree: Doublespeak, Soft Language, and GobbledygookVaguenessWhat Are Weasel Words?Why Youll Never Be Told, Youre Fired